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Experiment Testing The Heat of Combustion and The Energy...

The aim of this experiment was to test the heat of combustion over a period of time, and the energy required to combust alcohols with different carbon chain levels. It was hypothesised that the higher the carbon chain of the alcohol present, the faster the heat of combustion will occur. Meaning more energy will be released for a higher carbon chain. After calculating the results from the experiment it was found that the hypothesis was partially supported. The reasoning for this is as the alcohol that posses a higher carbon chain, generally increased there reaction rates. However there were a few exceptions to this rule. When conducting the experiment the results for each alcohol were where they were anticipated to be supporting the†¦show more content†¦This equation resulted in being left with a negative final percentage error. Which was easy to fix, as it just had to be turned into a positive for the final answer. It is evident to see how the theoretical results increase each time approximately -620 KJ/mol. This is as each carbon chain increases so does the amount of bonds associated with it. The results that were revealed were thought to be accurate and reliable as many factors were controlled to enable the best quality. The results that a constant rise in the combustion occurred as each alcohol’s carbon chain increased with one exception indicates that the reliability of this experiment has to be examined. With such a high percentage error from these results means they cant be definitive. Also only three trials were conducted on the five different alcohols. If the experiment were to be conducted again I would conduct five trials on each alcohol to get a better average. More thought could’ve been done when first conducting the experiment. A strategy that could have been implemented could have been the installation of insulation to the copper tin to reduce the amount of heat that escapes. If I was to do an experiment like this again I could use a different variable instead of alcohols. Instead I could investigate a chain of alkanes or alkenes, â€Å"in order to test alkenes I would have to look into the association double carbon bonds have with oneShow MoreRelated An Investigation into the Enthalpies of the Combustion of Alcohols3788 Words   |  16 PagesAn Investigation into the Enthalpies of the Combustion of Alcohols ================================================================== Planning My aim for this experiment is to see the energy produced from different alcohols. This investigation involves burning alcohol in the air. ‘GCSE Chemistry’ by B.Earl and L.D.R Wilford says that alcohols form, another homologous series, with the general formula Cn H2n+1OH . The alcohol reacts with the oxygen in the air to form the products waterRead MoreUse Of Diesohol As A Substitute For Diesel1670 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving the efficiency of diesel engines by developing and testing alternative fuels. Recent studies explore the use of diesohol as a substitute to diesel. Diesohol are classified as â€Å"a mixture of diesel fuel and anhydrous alcohol blended using a chemical emulsifier,† (Environmental Protection Agency, 2003).However a major concern regarding diesohol is both alcohols and diesel have dissimilar physical and chemical properties. Alcohols due to it being an oxygenate proved to burn cleanly and easily

Investigation Techniques Free Essays

When investigating crimes, each type of crime has different types of investigation techniques that investigators will use to solve the crime at hand. One of the major crimes that investigators take part in is homicide investigation. There are several types of homicide ranging from justifiable, excusable, and criminal homicides, to murder and manslaughter. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though sometimes mistaken, suicide is technically not a form of homicide.The definition of suicide is the taking of one’s own life whereas the definition of homicide is the killing of one human being by another. This can sometimes be mistaken because suicides are at first treated like a homicide until investigators are sure that the life taken was actually a suicide because sometimes there may be foul play that would result in a homicide. When investigating a homicide a lot of your evidence can come directly from the body of the deceased. When examining the body of the deceased, investigators often look at the type of wounds inflicted on the individual deceased.They often look for stab or gunshot wounds and if those wounds are in the front or back of the body. This can help them determine not only what type of weapon was used, but where the person that may have murdered the individual was standing at the time and where to begin looking for evidences such as shell casings. If the individual was strangled they can sometimes determine what the killer used to strangle the victim. They can also use things such as body temperature to determine things like the time of death, or look for bruises or scratch marks to determine if there was a struggle involved.If there was a struggle, they will then look under the fingernails of the victim for possible DNA that may have been left if the victim grabbed a hold of their killer. Modus Operandi is also an important factor when it comes to death investigations. If determined a homicide, investigators can then, after all the evidence is collected and cause of death determined, look up past records of individuals who have committed crimes of certain types of homicide in the past.After this they can begin na rrowing down possible suspects for that type of homicide that was committed. Investigators use many ways to determine the death of victims, sometimes they are homicide and sometimes they can be suicides. They use the evidence they have gathered from the scene and body to make the their decisions on this and how and when the person died.References Osterburg, James W. and Richard H. Ward: Criminal Investigation:A Method for Reconstructing the Past. 5th ed. , Lexis/Nexus How to cite Investigation Techniques, Papers

Comparing Isolation of the Protagonist in The Tria Essay Example For Students

Comparing Isolation of the Protagonist in The Tria Essay l and Nausea comparison compare contrast essaysIsolation of the Protagonist in The Trial and Nausea Kafka and Sartre provide effective settings for their novels by presenting their protagonists in isolated environments. Each character experiences very slight contact with other people, and the relationships they do have with the other characters exist at a superficial level. In The Trial, Joseph K. is placed on trial for an offense about which he is told nothing. As he attempts to discover the reason for his indictment, he experiences a great deal of inner torment and feelings of estrangement from those with whom he comes in contact. In Nausea, Antoine Roquentin experiences many of the same nauseating emotions which leave him with many questions and few answers. He is also searching for meaning. Although in a different context, Roquentin is much like Joseph K. in that his circumstances in life have led him to feel quite alone. In each novel, the protagonist observes a stereotypical s ocietal group from which he attempts to be completely disassociated. The protagonist rejects their actions and what he perceives as their mode of thought. Joseph K. attempts to distance himself from the employees of the court at which his trial is taking place and his colleagues at the bank where he works. When he is offered the chance to meet the high officers of the court, he rejects the opportunity because he begins to feel suffocated by the air that surrounds him and is ashamed that he needs the help of the clerks in the court: He (Joseph K.) realized too painfully the shame of being delivered into the hands of these people by his sudden weakness; besides, even now that he knew the cause of the faintness, it did not get any better but grew somewhat worse instead (Kafka 68). This is possibly a subconscious reaction to the bleak reality that might be waiting to confront him. It seems that K. would rather face the torment of ignorance than be forced to meet a fate that may or may n ot be desirable. This event relates directly to K.s battle to remain isolated from a world which he does not yet understand. K. also keeps his distance from those with whom he works. He holds a great deal of contempt for his fellow employees. At one point K. is confronted with three clerks who are direct subordinates to him, and he realizes that he hadnt recognized them previously in the meeting. He has removed his thoughts so far from his work relationships that obvious everyday presences often escape his notice. Antoine Roquentin experiences similar thoughts as he watches the towns local bourgeoisie acting out their Sunday rituals in a restaurant in town. He is disgusted at their slightest movement, their superficial conversations, and their collective air of exclusion. As Roquentin watches the masses of people walking down the street after church, he thinks I think Ive had enough: I have seen enough pink skulls, thin, distinguished and faded countenances (Sartre 45). As both prot agonists try to separate themselves from the groups that irritate them so much, they feel somehow drawn to the groups. In both cases it seems almost as is the protagonists feel left out of these groups, and K. and Roquentin try to tell themselves that they dont want to be included as some kind of defense mechanism. Placing the protagonist in an isolated setting serves a very important purpose in both The Trial and Nausea. In addition to establishing the protagonist as an observer, the separation also creates an excellent forum for the Existentialist philosophies of the authors to take over. Each protagonist is given the freedom to discover the meaning of his existence without the influence of other peoples opinions. The characters summarily discount the validity of others views, and they avoid the possibility of new and opposing perspectives. If the protagonists had intimate contact with others their thoughts would be skewed, and any conclusion they happened upon about their existen ce would be much less pure and individual. .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 , .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .postImageUrl , .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 , .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072:hover , .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072:visited , .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072:active { border:0!important; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072:active , .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072 .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1865a1ba4d3a2cd177ae6186cc68c072:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Review Of Ode On A Grecian Urn By John Keats Essay